The development history of ballpoint pen

     The development history of ballpoint pen has been published for thousands of years. There were pens in Chinese characters. People carved words on bone plates and bamboo slips. They used knives called "knives and pens". Since then, some people have written them on bamboo and silk with bamboo strips dipped in paint. Bamboo strips are called "bamboo pens". Later, people try to bind various hair to stick to write. Gradually, the brush appeared, and pencils appeared in Han Dynasty in China. For some reason, they did not promote it. The Romans wrote with lead, Western Europeans wrote in pencil, until the middle of the 16th century. The fountain pen was invented in 1890, and the ball pen was invented in World War II.

     How much do you know about these development history of ballpoint pens?

     Ballpoint pen has become the most common and widely used stationery in the office life or study life. Do you know the history of the development of this small ballpoint pen?

     At the end of the 19th century, many inventors had imagined to make new writing tools which used ball beads to roll out ink for writing, but because of the limitation of the conditions at that time, this idea could not be realized in industrial production. In 1944, Hungary reporter radzlou byRO invented and made the first ballpoint pen in the world, and provided his invention patent to the Royal Air Force. So a British aircraft manufacturer first made the first batch of ballpoint pens in the world. During the Second World War, when byRO moved to Argentina, he sold the patent right of ball pen modified by him to a company in the United States, which made it introduced to the United States from Argentina. The pen makers such as EFL, rhino, Peck and fable in the United States began to test and study ballpoint pens. Shortly after the end of the Second World War, some American manufacturers, in order to make money, seized the opportunity to produce a large number of ballpoint pens of this quality and structure that have not yet been completed and put into the market. The matter was named "original pen". Meanwhile, Renault, the American businessman, has spread these imperfect "original writing" to China and Japan. In 1947, Japan began to manufacture ballpoint pens. By 1951, about 250 companies and manufacturers around the world began to produce ballpoint pens, and competed for international market. But it is not long since the quality of ballpoint pen is dry, difficult to write, and the ink is difficult to be written, and the ink is not sold well. Therefore, the ball pen manufacturers in all countries in the world were shut down and closed down, and the production of ballpoint pen was facing serious crisis. But at that time, some manufacturers also saw the potential vitality of ballpoint pen, and they were still committed to improving the quality of ballpoint pen. It was not until 1954 that Parker company began to produce ballpoint pen again. Then, the world has studied and improved the ink, ball bead and other important parts of ballpoint pen, which made the quality of ballpoint pen improve constantly, and then restored the position of ballpoint pen in the user's mind. Now dozens of countries around the world are producing ballpoint pens in large quantities. In 1949, Fenghua precision products factory in Shanghai (now Fenghua ballpoint pen factory) began to manufacture ballpoint pen, which is a company in China that makes ballpoint pen. At that time, the factory had few employees, simple equipment, backward technology, lack of raw materials, some materials were imported, and the annual output was very small, and the quality was also very poor.

     After the founding of new China, the ball pen industry in China has developed rapidly. Factories have been built in Shanghai, Tianjin, Guangzhou, Xiamen, Suzhou, Hangzhou, Ningbo, Nanjing, Wuhan and Xinxiang. However, the oleic acid ink is used in the initial stage, which is easy to infiltrate, not sun resistant and the quality is not passed. In 1962, the State Archives Bureau expressly stipulated that it is not allowed to sign and record important documents with ballpoint pen. At that time, the production of ballpoint pen in China was facing the serious test of survival and death.

     In 1962, Shanghai developed a dry blue ink with good sun resistance and non permeable alcohol soluble "432" block. At the same time, 9crl8 acid resistant stainless steel was used as ball bead material, which solved the problems such as the ball bead not corrosion resistance, ink insolation, easy permeability and fluency writing, etc., which made the ballpoint pen production recover its vitality. Especially in recent years, under the direct leadership of the Ministry of light industry, through previous quality research and special research, the product quality has been greatly improved. With the continuous development of the exchange of scientific and technological information and the research work of tackling key issues, great progress has been made in new products, new processes and new technologies, such as the success and application of tungsten carbide ball beads, the application of polypropylene tubing and vacuum sizing process, the increase of ink varieties and the improvement of quality, the promotion and application of special ink for archives, etc., which makes the ball pen industry in China present a boom A great, happy sight.

     The ball pen industry in China has experienced a process of development from small to large, from local production to more than 30 enterprises in all over the country. A relatively complete production system has been formed, and a production process line suitable for China's national conditions has been developed. The production scale of ballpoint pen has been developed from manual workshop to mechanized and automatic production; annual output has been developed from 50000 to hundreds of millions; production equipment is developed from backward single car pen machine and rammer to large injection molding machine, multi-color injection molding machine and nine step continuous punching. In particular, in recent years, the industry has introduced advanced technology of foreign technology, which laid a good foundation for ballpoint pen products to the world. Ballpoint pen also develops from a single writing tool to a multi-function direction such as electronic table and computer. The ink of ballpoint pen has developed from single blue to red, green, black and other colors; the structure of ballpoint pen is from simple pencil type and pen type to rotary, rotating and multi-color structure; ballpoint pen materials are developed from electric wood and bamboo to plastic, copper, aluminum, stainless steel, gold and other high-tech materials Grade materials; the surface decoration of ballpoint pen has developed from simple chromium plating to anodizing, vacuum coating, painting, inlay, carving, gold plating, snake skin, cloisonne, etc.; the shape of ballpoint pen has also developed from "one pole" to process modeling and toy modeling, and is developing towards advanced gifts and crafts.

     However, ballpoint pen manufacturing is still a young industry after all. Therefore, it is necessary to study and discuss the structure principle, modeling design, material selection and technology of ballpoint pen. In terms of product, quality and variety of flower, it is still necessary to improve and develop in the near future, especially in the demonstration of its theoretical basis knowledge It is also necessary to summarize, summarize and improve the production practice experience gradually, and increase it to theoretical knowledge. At the same time, we should use these theoretical knowledge to guide our production practice correctly and make contributions to the rapid development of ballpoint pen industry.